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White cast iron is a type of cast iron characterized by its hard, brittle structure and white fracture surface. It is primarily composed of iron, carbon, and silicon, with the carbon present in the form of cementite (iron carbide). This composition gives white cast iron its high wear resistance and hardness, making it suitable for applications where durability is essential. The material is typically produced through a casting process, where molten iron is poured into molds and allowed to solidify.
| Composition | Iron, carbon (2-4%), silicon (1-3%) |
| Hardness | Typically 50-60 HRC |
| Tensile strength | Around 300-500 MPa |
| Density | Approximately 6.8-7.3 g/cm³ |
| Casting process | Sand casting, shell molding |
When choosing white cast iron, consider the specific application and the required hardness and wear resistance. It is important to specify the desired composition, as variations in carbon and silicon content can affect performance. Additionally, inquire about the casting method, as this can influence the final properties of the material. Certifications may be relevant for certain industries, so check if compliance with specific standards is necessary.
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Its high hardness and wear resistance make it ideal for abrasive environments.
It is difficult to machine due to its brittleness, but specialized tools can be used.
It is used in heavy machinery, wear-resistant parts, and mining equipment.
White cast iron is harder and more brittle, while gray cast iron is more ductile.
It has limited corrosion resistance; coatings may be needed for protection.
The density ranges from approximately 6.8 to 7.3 g/cm³.